Level B1 Point difficile
The Present Perfect
Le temps qui relie le passé au présent. Un des points les plus importants de la grammaire anglaise.
Formation: HAVE/HAS + Past Participle
| Subject | Affirmative ✓ | Negative ✗ | Question ? |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | have worked | haven't worked | Have ... worked? |
| He / She / It | has worked | hasn't worked | Has ... worked? |
Past Participle: Pour les verbes réguliers = base + ED (worked, played)
Pour les verbes irréguliers = 3ème forme (gone, seen, written) → Voir la liste
When to Use Present Perfect
🌍
Life Experiences
"I have visited Paris twice."
⏱️
Recent Past (just, already, yet)
"She has just arrived."
📚
Unfinished Time Period
"I've read 3 books this month."
🔑
Result in the Present
"I've lost my keys (= I can't find them now)."
🏠
Duration with FOR/SINCE
"I have lived here for 10 years."
FOR vs SINCE
FOR
Durée
- for 5 years
- for 2 hours
- for a long time
SINCE
Point de départ
- since 2010
- since Monday
- since I was a child
Time Expressions
justalreadyyetnevereverrecentlylatelyso farforsincethis week/month/year
🔥 Present Perfect vs Past Simple
Present Perfect
Pas de moment précis / Lien avec le présent
"I have been to London."
(= À un moment de ma vie, non précisé)
Past Simple
Moment précis dans le passé
"I went to London in 2019."
(= Moment précis: 2019)
La règle d'or :
• Marqueur de temps précis (yesterday, in 2020, last week) → Past Simple
• Pas de marqueur précis ou lien avec maintenant → Present Perfect
